Neste artigo procura-se responder ao desafio da leitura de Heidegger no que concerne à possibilidade de uma relação entre ontologia e ética.O autor investiga a possibilidade da colocação do problema de tal relação,privilegiando a noção heideggeriana de liberdade.

The growth of urban violence in Brazil, as in other countries, has led citizens to demand more severe and punitive measures to solve the problem of juvenile crime. One motion submitted to the Brazilian parliament, for instance, proposes to reduce the age of penal majority from 18 to 16 years. Our hypothesis is that popular opinions about this proposal are largely constrained by construal levels and psychological distance. Accordingly, we expect that the knowledge and proximity to the circumstances associated with (...) juvenile transgression will influence opinions about the proposal. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated how opinion against or for the proposal can be explained by psychological distance and moral development theory. We studied two samples, composed of people who do not have a deep experience with the subject and workers from a juvenile justice court. After collecting socio-demographic information from the subjects and their answer to moral dilemmas, the data was subjected to a multivariate analysis by multimodal logistic regression for socio-demographic characteristics, Kohlberg moral stages, and opinion on the reduction of APM as dependent variables. Our findings suggest that 1) opinion about the APM depends on psychological distance and 2) socioeconomic variables may influence the average construal level of adolescent transgressors in the public’s perspective. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Regarding an already consolidated tradition in discourse studies in Latin America, with featured importance in graduate programs in the field of Linguistics and a busy calendar of annual events in the field, it is possible to say that there is considerable amount of imported knowledge being applied and very little creativity in local theoretical or methodological production. Discourse studies are generally divided into two main schools of thought: French discourse analysis and English discourse analysis. The denomination that represents these (...) lines of discourse sheds light on the colonized nature of the field. This colonization of discourse knowledge, in more immediate terms, indicates considerable effort applied to theories viewed as universally valid and scarcely modified for the situated context, but it also shows the implications of being a discourse analyst in a subordinate space within the academic field – a place where we, Latin American discourse researchers, occupy compared to our colleagues in the global North – and about contemplating theoretical alternatives. The decolonizing effort of this field should thus be directed to three converging paths: decolonizing knowledge, in the sense of criticizing theories and methods while understanding that there is no universal knowledge; decolonizing the power of the creative act of overcoming this universalizing knowledge, which means accepting the force of local methodological and theoretical production, especially by constantly questioning disciplinary separation and its impositions; and decolonizing the being, making strategic use of this paradoxical space, which contains the possibilities of knowledge communion, also including common knowledge. All this should have an impact on graduate-level education in discursive studies, in a virtuous cycle between consciousness, criticism and creativity. (shrink)

Um estudo que apresenta a retórica de Górgias de Leontinos como um instrumento de diálogo em busca de uma verdade que tenha um impacto de cunho social para a construção de uma polis mais justa.

O artigo pretende discutir a Literatura Brasileira contemporânea em sua relação com as atuais trocas culturais globais. A literatura, assim como as artes visuais e as performances cênicas, num mundo de fluxos, estabelecem novas relações com seus próprios territórios e os espaços globais, provocando a necessidade de novas perspectivas críticas.

This article presents a research on the occurrences of Pithanon in Galen’s On Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato (PHP). Galen writes PHP to critique doctors, Peripatetics, and stoics about the powers that govern man. He considers his criticism to be justifiable because they have come to the wrong conclusions because of the wrong selection of premises. According to him, his opponents' conclusions are based on persuasive, mistaken, ambiguous or false assumptions. Pithanon is a key word he uses to identify one (...) of the premises that is applied by the stoics in order to prove their thesis about the hegemonikon. (shrink)

Trata-se de uma tentativa de interpretação existencial da mensagem cristã contida nos Evangelhos Canônicos. Nesse sentido, procura-se de início compreender a noção heideggeriana de ser-aí (Dasein) em seu local de nascimento: uma leitura dos Evangelhos e das Cartas de Paulo. A partir disso, tem-se em vista que a interpretação do humano como existência articulada temporalmente tem fundamento naquilo que podemos chamar de evento messiânico: mais que um acontecimento escatológico, uma rearticulação temporal fundamental do existir, que convoca para as possibilidades próprias (...) do mundo. (shrink)

Num ensaio inacabado de J. Chasin, intitulado O futuro ausente, o filósofo busca traçar a noção de politicidade do mundo Antigo ao mundo contemporâneo – embora interrompa seu material em Hobbes. Uma das questões suscitas por Chasin envolve a discussão sobre o apreço da natureza objetiva em contrapartida a uma forma idealizada da vida contemplativa, portanto, da filosofia moral do trecento ao quattrocento renascentistas. Tendo como ponto de partida a elaboração de Chasin, este artigo avança sobre a história das polêmicas (...) médica e astrológicas que tomaram forma no universo renascentista. Se, por um lado, Ernst Cassirer elabora uma tese sobre a originalidade de Nicolau de Cusa, por outro, deixa passar um aspecto primordial quando contrapõe sua filosofia à de Pico: o embate sobre a polêmica astrológica nasce no bojo da discussão do livre-arbítrio, portanto, da tentativa de impugnação da astrologia divinatória por considerá-la uma teleologia da natureza que se contrapunha teleologia teológica. Não obstante a inexistência de uma ruptura epistemológica proposta por Cassirer, o desenvolvimento da filosofia renascentista atestou a luta contraditória pela observação empírica da realidade. (shrink)

No presente trabalho, pretende-se abordar a destruição fenomenológica, operada por Heidegger no ensaio A Origem da Obra de Arte, dos termos "matéria" e "forma", tomados da filosofia aristotélica como fio condutor da interpretação do ente enquanto tal e, por conseguinte, também da obra de arte. Para Heidegger, tal par conceitual procede da interpretação do modo de ser do utensílio, e, portanto, não diz respeito ao modo de ser específico da obra. Como a história da metafísica orientou-se pelos termos "matéria" e (...) "forma" como fio condutor da interpretação do ente como tal, toda estética e toda filosofia da arte estão, para Heidegger, assentadas na compreensão de um modo de ser que é estranho à obra. Cabe a desconstrução desses conceitos como primeiro passo no caminho para a essência da obra. (shrink)

The literature on ethical behavior has called for studies that investigate the interaction between individual and contextual factors. This study examined whether moral identity interacts with ethical culture to predict unethical behavior at work and whether implicit and explicit moral identity affects unethical behavior distinctively. Our sample consisted of 238 participants who took part in an experiment involving an in-basket exercise that measured unethical behavior. Ethical culture was manipulated via a cover letter from a fictitious company’s CEO, and moral identity (...) was measured through a self-report scale and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Findings indicate that implicit and explicit moral identity were negatively associated with unethical behavior and that organizational culture moderated the relationship between moral identity and unethical behavior. The results have theoretical and practical implications for understanding the interaction of predictors of unethical behavior by combining automatic and deliberate measures of moral identity with ethical culture. (shrink)

Em uma conferência de 1936, intitulada Hölderlin e a Essência da Poesia, o filósofo alemão Martin Heidegger comenta um escrito do poeta Friedrich Hölderlin, que caracteriza a linguagem como “o mais perigoso de todos os bens”. Na leitura de Heidegger, linguagem é, enquanto força de exposição do ser, também o principal perigo para o próprio ser. Isto porque, uma vez que o ser expõe-se por meio dos entes, ele jamais se deixa apreender enquanto tal, abrindo a possibilidade de se tomar (...) o ente pelo ser. Dessa forma, pertence à linguagem uma intrínseca ambiguidade: ao mesmo tempo em que é por meio dela que o ser se revela e expõe, é também por meio desse revelar que o ser se encobre – e ao manter-se encoberto, corre o risco de se deixar tomar pelo ente como vigência constante. Também em Ser e Tempo, obra de 1927, observa-se que Heidegger pensa a ambiguidade característica da linguagem, ao fazer derivar o enunciado demonstrativo da interpretação existencial. Nesse fenômeno, o ente se mostra não desde a essência, tal como é pensada pela tradição metafísica, mas como pura “manualidade”, isto é, uma possibilidade projetada no ser da existência, do Dasein. (shrink)

This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the notion of coherence by explicating in probabilistic terms, step by step, what seem to be our most basic intuitions about that notion, to wit, that coherence is a matter of hanging or fitting together, and that coherence is a matter of degree. A qualitative theory of coherence will serve as a stepping stone to formulate a set of quantitative measures of coherence, each of which seems to capture well the aforementioned (...) intuitions. Subsequently it will be argued that one of those measures does better than the others in light of some more specific intuitions about coherence. This measure will be defended against two seemingly obvious objections. (shrink)

It has been claimed that epistemic peers, upon discovering that they disagree on some issue, should give up their opposing views and ‘split the difference’. The present paper challenges this claim by showing, with the help of computer simulations, that what the rational response to the discovery of peer disagreement is—whether it is sticking to one’s belief or splitting the difference—depends on factors that are contingent and highly context-sensitive.Keywords: Peer disagreement; Computer simulations; Opinion dynamics; Hegselmann–Krause model; Social epistemology.

Van Fraassen (1989) argues that Inference to the Best Explanation is incoherent in the sense that adopting it as a rule for belief change will make one susceptible to a dynamic Dutch book. The present paper argues against this. A strategy is described that allows us to infer to the best explanation free of charge.

Resumo da dissertação de mestrado. PPGCR PUC Minas. 2018.

Conditionals whose antecedent and consequent are not somehow internally connected tend to strike us as odd. The received doctrine is that this felt oddness is to be explained pragmatically. Exactly how the pragmatic explanation is supposed to go has remained elusive, however. This paper discusses recent philosophical and psychological work that attempts to account semantically for the apparent oddness of conditionals lacking an internal connection between their parts.

According to so-called epistemic theories of conditionals, the assertability/acceptability/acceptance of a conditional requires the existence of an epistemically significant relation between the conditional’s antecedent and its consequent. This paper points to some linguistic data that our current best theories of the foregoing type appear unable to explain. Further, it presents a new theory of the same type that does not have that shortcoming. The theory is then defended against some seemingly obvious objections.

The question of what should be meant by a measurement is tackled from a mathematical perspective whose physical interpretation is that a measurement is a fundamental process via which a finite amount of classical information is produced. This translates into an algebraic and topological definition of measurement space that caters for the distinction between quantum and classical measurements and allows a notion of observer to be derived.

Neste artigo procura-se demonstrar que é possível extrair, da filosofia do direito de Kant, uma teoria sistemática do direito do trabalho, pelo menos no que diz respeito às relações trabalhistas individuais. Com esta teoria busca-se oferecer uma fundamentação filosófica para o direito do trabalho enquanto ramo autônomo do direito, incluindo a justificativa de sua existência enquanto legislação positiva. Partindo de comentários esparsos de Kant sobre escravidão, servidão, trabalho autônomo, trabalho empregado e criadagem, as características estruturais dessas relações trabalhistas são analisadas (...) e posteriormente organizadas com base na relação entre direito privado e direito público exposta na “Metafísica dos Costumes”. Essa abordagem permite enxergar as relações laborais sob uma nova perspectiva teórica, na qual a “capacidade de autodeterminação laboral” se apresenta como o elemento essencial de diferenciação e de legitimação das relações trabalhistas. (shrink)

Many have the intuition that the right response to the Lottery Paradox is to deny that one can justifiably believe of even a single lottery ticket that it will lose. The paper shows that from any theory of justification that solves the paradox in accordance with this intuition, a theory not of that kind can be derived that also solves the paradox but is more conducive to our epistemic goal than the former. It is argued that currently there is no (...) valid reason not to give preference to the derived accounts over the accounts from which they come. (shrink)

This paper highlights some connections between work on truth approximation and work in social epistemology, in particular work on peer disagreement. In some of the literature on truth approximation, questions have been addressed concerning the efficiency of research strategies for approximating the truth. So far, social aspects of research strategies have not received any attention in this context. Recent findings in the field of opinion dynamics suggest that this is a mistake. How scientists exchange and take into account information about (...) each others’ beliefs may greatly influence the accuracy and speed with which the scientific community as a whole approximates the truth. On the other hand, social epistemologists concerned with peer disagreement have so far neglected the question of how practices of responding to disagreements with peers fare with respect to the goal of approximating the truth. Again, work on opinion dynamics shows that this may be a mistake, and that how we ought to respond to disagreements with our peers may depend on the specific purposes of our investigations. (shrink)

According to Stalnaker’s Hypothesis, the probability of an indicative conditional, $\Pr(\varphi \rightarrow \psi),$ equals the probability of the consequent conditional on its antecedent, $\Pr(\psi | \varphi)$ . While the hypothesis is generally taken to have been conclusively refuted by Lewis’ and others’ triviality arguments, its descriptive adequacy has been confirmed in many experimental studies. In this paper, we consider some possible ways of resolving the apparent tension between the analytical and the empirical results relating to Stalnaker’s Hypothesis and we argue (...) that none offer a satisfactory resolution. (shrink)

According to a much discussed argument, reliabilism is defective for making knowledge too easy to come by. In a recent paper, Weisberg aims to show that this argument relies on a type of reasoning that is rejectable on independent grounds. We argue that the blanket rejection that Weisberg recommends of this type of reasoning is both unwarranted and unwelcome. Drawing on an older discussion in the philosophy of science, we show that placing some relatively modest restrictions on the said type (...) of reasoning suffices to block the anti-reliabilist argument. (shrink)

It is known that evidential support, on the Bayesian definition of this notion, is intransitive. According to some, however, the Bayesian definition is too weak to be materially adequate. This paper investigates whether evidential support is transitive on some plausible probabilistic strengthening of that definition. It is shown that the answer is negative. In fact, it will appear that even under conditions under which the Bayesian notion of evidential support is transitive, the most plausible candidate strengthenings are not.

BackgroundOrgan transplantation represents the most effective and acceptable therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, its frequent practice often leads to a shortage of organs worldwide. To solve this dilemma, some countries, such as Portugal, have switched from an opt-in to an opt-out system, which has raised concerns about respect for individual autonomy. We aimed to evaluate whether young university students are aware of this opt-out system so that they can make informed, autonomous and conscious decisions, as well as to identify (...) the factors that determine a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation.MethodsAn observational, cross-sectional study was developed and a questionnaire was administered to first-year students from six faculties of the University of Porto.ResultsOf the 841 participants, 60% were unaware that Portugal had adopted an opt-out system. Among the informed individuals, their main sources of information included social media, internet, and family. Furthermore, only 48% of all participants agreed with the current opt-out system. Female sex (p = 0.049; OR 1.393), knowledge of the law (p < 0.001; OR 4.749) and family being the primary source of information (p < 0.001; OR 2.855) were independent factors associated with a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation law.ConclusionsThere is a significant lack of knowledge among young university students regarding the presumed post-mortem organ donation law and how it works. Female sex, having family as a primary source of information and being aware of the presumed post-mortem organ donation law are the strongest independent factors that determine a positive attitude toward the opt-out system. (shrink)

Duas hipóteses guiaram o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. A primeira afirma o _status_ necessariamente epistêmico e, portanto, não ontológico, do espaço e do tempo na filosofia transcendental. A segunda é a de que o espaço e o tempo como formas _a priori_ da intuição sensível apresentam uma dimensão essencialmente não conceitual da experiência perceptiva. Em vista disso, neste artigo, nossa intenção é trilhar o caminho argumentativo da constituição da idealidade transcendental do espaço e do tempo a fim de compreender esse estatuto (...) epistêmico e não conceitual da intuição. O objetivo é o de analisar as consequências dessas duas hipóteses para a filosofia neo kantiana contemporânea que tenta compatibilizar os argumentos kantianos com os de uma posição não conceitualista. Para tanto, vamos analisar o desenvolvimento das noções de espaço e tempo, no chamado período de transição da filosofia kantiana, da fase pré-crítica à fase crítica, bem como no próprio período crítico, que culmina na doutrina da idealidade transcendental do espaço e do tempo. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In this paper I present results of a project that, in the context of critical discourse studies and the interdiscursive analysis of public policies, focused on representations in online journalism regarding public policies aimed at the homeless population. The research project was developed at the Pompeu Fabra University, Spain. Considering the main newspaper of the city of São Paulo, in its digital platform, we have compiled a comprehensive corpus of news about homeless situation published in a period of three (...) years. The choice to specifically address data from Folha de S Paulo is justified because it is the city with the largest homeless population in Brazil. Also, because our previous study has shown that this is the vehicle, among those studied, that publishes more news related to territorial issues, our focus of interest to investigate via the discursive categories of metaphor and representation of social actors. RESUMO Neste artigo, apresento resultados de um projeto que, no contexto dos estudos críticos do discurso e da análise interdiscursiva de políticas públicas, focalizou representações do jornalismo online sobre as políticas públicas voltadas para a população em situação de rua. O projeto de pesquisa “Representação de políticas públicas para população em situação de rua como gestão do território: metáforas espaciais na Folha de S Paulo” foi desenvolvido na Universidade Pompeu Fabra, Espanha. Considerando o principal jornal da cidade de São Paulo, em sua plataforma digital, compilamos um corpus abrangente de notícias sobre a situação de rua publicadas em um período de três anos. A escolha por abordar especificamente os dados da Folha de S Paulo se justifica por ser a cidade com maior população em situação de rua no Brasil. Também porque nosso estudo anterior mostrou que este é o veículo, entre os estudados, que mais publica notícias relacionadas a questões territoriais, que é agora nosso foco de investigação pelas categorias discursivas da metáfora e da representação de atores sociais. (shrink)

This paper relates to a formal statement of the mechanisms that are thought minimally necessary to underpin consciousness. This is expressed in the form of axioms. We deem this to be useful if there is ever to be clarity in answering questions about whether this or the other organism is or is not conscious. As usual, axioms are ways of making formal statements of intuitive beliefs and looking, again formally, at the consequences of such beliefs. The use of this style (...) of exposition does not entail a claim to provide a mathematically rigorous formal deductive system. Conventional mathematical notation is used to achieve clarity, although this is elaborated with natural language in an attempt to reduce terseness. In our view, making the approach axiomatic is synonymous with building clear usable tests for consciousness and is therefore a central feature of the paper. The extended scope of this approach is to lay down some essential properties that should be considered when designing machines that could be said to be conscious. In the broader discussion about the nature of consciousness and its neurological mechanisms, it may seem to some that axiomatisation is premature and continues to beg many questions. However, the approach is meant to be open- ended so that others can build further axiomatic clarifications that address the very large number of questions which, in the search for a formal basis for consciousness, still remain to be answered. Of course, in discussions about consciousness many will also argue that the subject is not one that may ever be formally addressed by means of axioms. The view taken in this paper is 'let's try to do it and see how far it gets'. (shrink)

While some argue that the only way to make a place for Philosophy for Children in today's strict, standardised classroom is to measure its efficacy in promoting reasoning, we believe that this must be avoided in order to safeguard what is truly unique in P4C dialogue. When P4C acquiesces to the very same quantitative measures that define the rest of learning, then the philosophical dimension drops out and P4C becomes yet another progressive curriculum and pedagogy for enhancing argumentation skills that (...) can easily be appropriated by any content area. What we want to offer in this article is a reevaluation of P4C that remains faithful to a radical kernel that we find when we do philosophy with children and young adults. To theorise the potential for P4C, we draw heavily on Agamben's work, and in particular his reflections on speech and infancy. We propose that the redemption of P4C necessitates a shift from a community of inquiry to a community of infancy. Such a community is not a community that operates according to predefined rules or standardised assessment protocols but rather is an inoperative community that is defined by letting ends idle. On our account, a community of infancy is an example of dialogic studious play that is neither ritual nor just play, thus avoiding the extreme polarities of the ritualised classrooms of high-stakes testing and the ‘ludic’ postmodern classroom of free play. What is at stake here is to preserve the last vestige of freedom within the school. (shrink)

List and Pettit have stated an impossibility theorem about the aggregation of individual opinion states. Building on recent work on the lottery paradox, this paper offers a variation on that result. The present result places different constraints on the voting agenda and the domain of profiles, but it covers a larger class of voting rules, which need not satisfy the proposition-wise independence of votes.

As cognitive enhancement research advances, important ethical questions regarding individual autonomy and freedom are raised. Advocates of cognitive enhancement frequently adopt a procedural approach to autonomy, arguing that enhancers improve an individual’s reasoning capabilities, which are quintessential to being an autonomous agent. On the other hand, critics adopt a more nuanced approach by considering matters of authenticity and self-identity, which go beyond the mere assessment of one’s reasoning capacities. Both positions, nevertheless, require further philosophical scrutiny. In this paper, we investigate (...) the ethics of cognitive enhancement through the lenses of political and philosophical arguments about autonomy and freedom. In so doing, we contend that a substantive, relational account of individual autonomy offers a more holistic understanding of the ethical concerns of cognitive enhancement. (shrink)

No século XIX, com o estabelecimento das ciência humanas, desenvolve-se dentro da filosofia uma disputa sobre o método científico. Em termos gerais, essa disputa girava em torno de saber se o método científico era universal, aplicando-se indistintamente a fenômenos naturais e humanos, ou se cada tipo de fenômeno demandava um tipo especial de método. No presente trabalho essa disputa é circunscrita à discussão entre Dilthey e a escola neokantiana de Baden, nas figuras de Windelband e Rickert. Apesar de relativamente bem (...) documentada, os motivos e fundamentos dessa discussão permanecem obscuros e pouco estudados. Procurando lançar alguma luz sobre esses pressupostos, este trabalho toma como estratégia de investigação a análise das concepções de experiência de cada um dos pensadores citados. Com isso, procura-se mostrar que boa parte das críticas e incompreensões de ambos os lados podem ser explicadas pelas diferenças entre as concepções de experiência assumidas por cada um deles. De um lado, para os neokantianos, a experiência é pensada como algo passivo e o método científico como aquilo que a organiza em função da orientação assumida na pesquisa. Já Dilthey oscila ambiguamente entre uma posição ontológica, que procura determinar o método científico a partir de tipos diferentes de experiência, e uma concepção formal próxima ao neokantismo, pela qual a experiência é distinguida em tipos em função da orientação metodológica adotada na pesquisa científica. Por fim, além de expor a atualidade da crítica metodológica neokantiana, este trabalho procura mostra que a ambiguidade do pensamento de Dilthey não constitui uma limitação, mas reflete as dificuldades de uma nova forma de pensar que terá desdobramentos decisivos na filosofia contemporânea, para além das discussões sobre metodologia científica. (shrink)

Este artigo examina a conversão do corpo em imagem audiovisual por meio do conceito de presença. Argumentamos que, se a mediação exercida pela imagem atenua a presença efetiva do corpo, o corpo-imagem resultante pode todavia engendrar outra forma de presença – uma paradoxal presença mediada capaz de preservar e de amplificar o impacto sensível do corpo filmado sobre o espectador. Explorando uma coleção de obras diversas, questionamos as possibilidades do corpo como presença audiovisual: seria o espectador capaz de apreender o (...) corpo-imagem nos termos sensíveis e imediatos prescritos pelo conceito de presença? Como analisar experiências dessa ordem? (shrink)

The thesis that high probability suffices for rational belief, while initially plausible, is known to face the Lottery Paradox. The present paper proposes an amended version of that thesis which escapes the Lottery Paradox. The amendment is argued to be plausible on independent grounds.

I first distinguish patriotism from nationalism. The kind of patriotism that provides the last refuge to the scoundrel is put aside as not to the point. I then develop a typology of positions on the moral standing of patriotism that includes extreme patriotism that trumps moral considerations that conflict with it, extreme patriotism understood as the central moral virtue, moderate patriotism, patriotism as a morally indifferent preference, and a distinctively ethical version of patriotism. I argue that is clearly morally unacceptable; (...) concur with the critics of that it, too, must be rejected; agree with the defenders of that it is a distinctive and morally legitimate position, but go on to argue that there is nothing to be said for it, morally speaking, and that it is therefore a morally indifferent preference; finally, I present as a different type of patriotism which, under some fairly common circumstances, may be a moral duty. (shrink)

This paper looks closely at previously enunciated axioms that specifically include phenomenology as the sense of a self in a perceptual world. This, we suggest, is an appropriate way of doing science on a first-person phenomenon. The axioms break consciousness down into five key components: presence, imagination, attention, volition and emotions. The paper examines anew the mechanism of each and how they interact to give a single sensation. An abstract architecture, the Kernel Architecture, is introduced as a starting point for (...) building computational models. The thrust of the paper is to relate the axioms to the kernel architecture and indicate that this opens a way of discussing some first-person issues: tests for consciousness, animal consciousness and Higher Order Thought. (shrink)

В статті досліджено схильність підприємств промислового сектору України до використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ) для досягнення цілей бізнесу. Узагальнено та проаналізовано показники промислового сектору України в 2016-2023 рр., що виявило їх негативну динаміку у час повномасштабного військового вторгнення на територію країни російських загарбників. Здійснено SWOT-аналіз розвитку промислового сектору, який визначив наявні обмеження, що заважають його зростанню та ряд можливостей, серед яких, зокрема, й необхідність здійснення цифрових трансформацій бізнесу. Розкрито динаміку основних показників технологічної готовності підприємств промислового сектору України до змін у 2016-2023 (...) рр., що виявило загальне її поліпшення наприкінці досліджуваного періоду, переважно за рахунок зростання витрат на програмне забезпечення та покращення навичок застосування ІКТ. Виявлено, що такі зміни позитивно вплинули на стан цифрової трансформації бізнесу та використання ІКТ промисловими підприємствами України. Запропоновано заходи з підвищення технологічної готовності підприємств промислового сектору України в умовах військового стану. (shrink)

As part of an exceptionally lucid analysis of the Lottery Paradox, Dana Nelkin castigates the solutions to that paradox put forward by Laurence Bonjour and Sharon Ryan. According to her, these are “so finely tailored to lottery-like cases that they are limited in their ability to explain [what seem the intuitively right responses to such cases]”. She then offers a solution to the Lottery Paradox that allegedly has the virtue of being independently motivated by our intuitions regarding certain non-lottery-like cases. (...) This note argues that Nelkin fails to show that her solution applies to other than lottery-like cases or in any event that it is more general than Bonjour’s and Ryan’s solutions. (shrink)

In this paper, I address the controversy between Henry More and René Descartes on the indefinite extension of the world. I provide a new reading of Descartes’ famous final answer of 15 April 1649. I read the entire debate in the terms of a disagreement concerning the epistemological status of the necessity of our judgement about the extension of the universe. Accordingly, the disagreement on the infinity of the world constitutes a case of a more general disagreement on the nature (...) of the necessity of the theorems of Cartesian Physics. In particular, as concerns Descartes’ last reply, I argue that his assertion that a finite world is contradictory should be interpreted as a reply to More’s claim that the thesis of the infinity of the world, in so far as it cannot be grounded on the identity between matter and extension, does not express a logical necessity. Descartes’ assertion of the logical impossibility of a finite world, far from being, as it has always been read, a concession he made under the pressure of More’s objections, expresses the more radical element of the entire debate about the extension of the universe. (shrink)